LIBGPS(3)

NAME
libgps - C service library for communicating with the GPS daemon

SYNOPSIS

C:

    #include <gps.h>
    int gps_open(char * server, char * port, struct gps_data_t * gpsdata)
    int gps_send(struct gps_data_t * gpsdata, char * fmt, ...)
    int gps_read(struct gps_data_t * gpsdata, char * message,
                 int message_size)
    bool gps_waiting(const struct gps_data_t * gpsdata, int timeout)
    char * gps_data(const struct gps_data_t * gpsdata)
    int gps_unpack(char * buf, struct gps_data_t * gpsdata)
    int gps_close(struct gps_data_t * gpsdata)
    int gps_stream(struct gps_data_t * gpsdata, unsigned int flags,
                   void * data)
    int gps_mainloop(struct gps_data_t * gpsdata, int timeout,
                     void (* hook)(struct gps_data_t *gpsdata))
    const char * gps_errstr(int err)

Python:

    import gps
    session = gps.gps(host="localhost", port="2947")
    session.stream(flags=gps.WATCH_JSON)
    while 0 == session.read():
        process(session)
    del session

DESCRIPTION

  C

libgps is a service library which supports communicating with an instance of the gpsd(8), link it with the linker option -lgps. Some systems may also require -lm.

    Warning

    Take care to conditionalize your code on the major and minor API version symbols in gps.h; ideally, force a compilation failure if GPSD_API_MAJOR_VERSION is not a version you recognize. See the GPSD project website for more information on the protocol and API changes.

All the functions described here use the gps_data_t structure. Consult gps.h to learn more about gps_data_t, its data members, associated structures. associated timestamps. Note that information will accumulate in the session structure over time, and the 'valid' field is not automatically zeroed by each gps_read(). It is up to the client to zero that field when appropriate and to keep an eye on the fix and sentence timestamps.

    Warning

    gps_data_t sets floating point variables to NaN when the actual variable value is unknown. Check all floats and doubles with isfinite() before using them. isnan() is not sufficient!

gps_open()
    Calling gps_open() initializes a gps_data_t structure to hold the data collected by the GPS, and sets up access to gpsd(8) via either the socket or shared-memory export. The shared-memory export is faster, but does not carry information about device activation and deactivation events and will not allow you to monitor device packet traffic.

    gps_open() returns 0 on success, -1 on errors and is re-entrant. errno is set depending on the error returned from the socket or shared-memory interface; see gps.h for values and explanations; also see gps_errstr(). The host address may be a DNS name, an IPv4 dotted quad, an IPV6 address, or the special value GPSD_SHARED_MEMORY referring to the shared-memory export; the library will do the right thing for any of these.

gps_close()
    gps_close() ends the session and should only be called after a successful gps_open(). It returns 0 on success, -1 on errors. The shared-memory interface close always returns 0, whereas a socket close can result in an error. For a socket close error it will have set an errno from the call to the system’s close().

gps_send()
    gps_send() writes a command to the gpsd daemon. It does nothing when using the shared-memory export. The second argument must be a format string containing elements from the command set documented at gpsd(8). It may have % elements as for sprintf(3), which will be filled in from any following arguments. This function returns a -1 if there was a Unix-level write error, otherwise 0. Please read the LIMITATIONS section for additional information and cautions. See gps_stream() as a possible alternative.

gps_read()
    gps_read() accepts a response, or sequence of responses, from the gpsd daemon and decodes the response into a gps_data_t. By default, this function does either a blocking read for data from the gpsd daemon or a fetch from shared memory; it returns a count of bytes read for success, -1 with errno set on a Unix-level read error, -1 with errno not set if the socket to the gpsd daemon has closed or if the shared-memory segment was unavailable, and 0 if no data is available.

    The second argument to gps_read() is usually NULL, and the third argument is zero. If your application wants to see the raw data from the gpsd daemon then set the second argument to the address of your message buffer, and the third argument is the size of your buffer. Use with care; this may not to be a NUL-terminated string if WATCH_RAW is enabled.

gps_waiting()
    gps_waiting() can be used to check whether there is new data from the gpsd daemon. The second argument is the maximum amount of time to block (in microseconds) waiting on input before returning. It returns true if there is input waiting, false on timeout (no data waiting) or error condition. When using the socket export, this function is a convenience wrapper around a select(2) call, and zeros errno on entry; you can test errno after exit to get more information about error conditions.

    Warning: under the shared-memory interface there is a tiny race window between gps_waiting() and a following gps_read(); in that context, because the latter does not block, it is probably better to write a simple read loop.

gps_mainloop()
    gps_mainloop() enables the provided hook function to be continually called whenever there is gpsd data. The second argument is the maximum amount of time to wait (in microseconds) on input before exiting the loop (and return a value of -1). It will also return a negative value on various errors.

gps_unpack()
    gps_unpack() parses JSON from the argument buffer into the target of the session structure pointer argument. Included in case your application wishes to manage socket I/O itself.

gps_data()
    gps_data() returns the contents of the client data buffer (it returns NULL when using the shared-memory export). Use with care; this may not to be a NUL-terminated string if WATCH_RAW is enabled.

gps_stream()
    gps_stream() asks gpsd to stream the reports it has at you, to be made available when you poll (not available when using the shared-memory export). The second argument is a flag mask that sets various policy bits; see the list below. Calling gps_stream() more than once with different flag masks is allowed.

    WATCH_DEVICE
        Restrict watching to a specified device. The device path string is given as the third argument (data).

    WATCH_DISABLE
        Disable the reporting modes specified by the other WATCH_ flags.

    WATCH_ENABLE
        Enable the reporting modes specified by the other WATCH_ flags. This is the default.

    WATCH_JSON
        Enable JSON reporting of data. If WATCH_ENABLE is set, and no other WATCH flags are set, this is the default.

    WATCH_NEWSTYLE
        Force issuing a JSON initialization and getting new-style responses. This is the default.

    WATCH_NMEA
        Enable generated pseudo-NMEA reporting on binary devices.

    WATCH_OLDSTYLE
        Force issuing a W or R command and getting old-style responses. Warning: this flag (and the capability) will be removed in a future release.

    WATCH_RARE
        Enable reporting of binary packets in encoded hex.

    WATCH_RAW
        Enable literal passthrough of binary packets.

    WATCH_SCALED
        When reporting AIS or Subframe data, scale integer quantities to floats if they have a divisor or rendering formula associated with them.

gps_errstr()
    gps_errstr() returns an ASCII string (in English) describing the error indicated by a nonzero return value from gps_open().

  Python

The Python implementation supports the same facilities as the the C library. gps_open() is replaced by the initialization of a gps session object: session = gps.gps(...). The other calls are methods of that object, and have the same names as the corresponding C functions.

In addtion to using gps.read() to read messages from gpsd, you can use the session object as an iterator, as in the code fragment given below. Python iterators implicitly call the function gps.\_\_next() which is just a shim over gps.read(). There is other advantage to using the implicit iterator and it does not allow the options that gps.read() does.

    import gps
    session = gps.gps(host="localhost", port="2947")
    session.stream(flags=gps.WATCH_JSON)
    for report in session:
        process(report)
    del session

Resources within the session object will be properly released when it is garbage-collected.

For further information on the Python gps module, read the comments in the modules files. There is a complete Python example in the file www/gpsd-client-example-code.adoc.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

By setting the environment variable GPSD_SHM_KEY, you can control the key value used to create shared-memory segment used for communication with gpsd. This will be useful mainly when isolating test instances of gpsd from production ones.

EXAMPLES

The following is a fully functional minimal C client. Check the C source for the other gpsd clients for more ideas.

    // example  gpsd client
    // compile this way:
    //    gcc example1.c -o example1 -lgps -lm
    #include <gps.h>         .. for gps_*()
    #include <math.h>        // for isfinite()
    #define MODE_STR_NUM 4
    static char *mode_str[MODE_STR_NUM] = {
        "n/a",
        "None",
        "2D",
        "3D"
    };
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
        struct gps_data_t gps_data;
        if (0 != gps_open("localhost", "2947", &gps_data)) {
            printf("Open error.  Bye, bye\n");
            return 1;
        }
        (void)gps_stream(&gps_data, WATCH_ENABLE | WATCH_JSON, NULL);
        while (gps_waiting(&gps_data, 5000000)) {
            if (-1 == gps_read(&gps_data, NULL, 0)) {
                printf("Read error.  Bye, bye\n");
                break;
            }
            if (MODE_SET != (MODE_SET & gps_data.set)) {
                // did not even get mode, nothing to see here
                continue;
            }
            if (0 > gps_data.fix.mode ||
                MODE_STR_NUM <= gps_data.fix.mode) {
                gps_data.fix.mode = 0;
            }
            printf("Fix mode: %s (%d) Time: ",
                   mode_str[gps_data.fix.mode],
                   gps_data.fix.mode);
            if (TIME_SET == (TIME_SET & gps_data.set)) {
                // not 32 bit safe
                printf("%ld.%09ld ", gps_data.fix.time.tv_sec,
                       gps_data.fix.time.tv_nsec);
            } else {
                puts("n/a ");
            }
            if (isfinite(gps_data.fix.latitude) &&
                isfinite(gps_data.fix.longitude)) {
                // Display data from the GPS receiver if valid.
                printf("Lat %.6f Lon %.6f\n",
                       gps_data.fix.latitude, gps_data.fix.longitude);
            } else {
                printf("Lat n/a Lon n/a\n");
            }
        }
        // When you are done...
        (void)gps_stream(&gps_data, WATCH_DISABLE, NULL);
        (void)gps_close(&gps_data);
        return 0;
    }

LIMITATIONS

On some systems (those which do not support implicit linking in libraries) you may need to add -lm to your link line when you link libgps. It is always safe to do this.

In the C API, incautious use of gps_send() may lead to subtle bugs. In order to not bloat struct gps_data_t with space used by responses that are not expected to be shipped in close sequence with each other, the storage for fields associated with certain responses are combined in a union.

The risky set of responses includes VERSION, DEVICELIST, RTCM2, RTCM3, SUBFRAME, AIS, GST, and ERROR; it may not be limited to that set. The logic of the gpsd daemon’s watcher mode is careful to avoid dangerous sequences, but you should read and understand the layout of struct gps_data_t before using gps_send() to request any of these responses.

COMPATIBILITY

The gps_query() supported in major versions 1 and 2 of this library has been removed. With the new streaming-oriented wire protocol behind this library, it is extremely unwise to assume that the first transmission from the gpsd daemon after a command is shipped to it will be the response to command.

If you must send commands to the gpsd daemon explicitly, use gps_send() but beware that this ties your code to the GPSD wire protocol. It is not recommended.

In some versions of the API gps_read() is a blocking call and there was a POLL_NONBLOCK option to make it nonblocking. gps_waiting() was added to reduce the number of wrong ways to code a polling loop.

See the comment above the symbol GPSD_API_MAJOR_VERSION in gps.h for recent changes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

C sample code by Gary E. Miller and Charles Curley

SEE ALSO

gpsd(8), gps(1), gpsd_json(5), libgpsmm(3)

RESOURCES

    • An annotated example client.

    • A GPS client HOWTO.

    • Project web site:

COPYING

This file is Copyright 2013 by the GPSD project
SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-clause

AUTHOR

Eric S. Raymond